![]() In cultures where the plant grows, kratom has been used in traditional medicine. Different varieties of kratom contain different relative proportions of alkaloids such as Mitragynine. ![]() Kratom is commonly ingested by chewing, as a tea, powdered in capsules or pills, or extracted for use in liquids. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said that there is no evidence that kratom is safe or effective for treating any condition, and that there are no approved clinical uses for kratom. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) stated in 2013 that there is no legitimate medical use for kratom, and in 2019, the U.S. : 59 Uses Īs of 2013, kratom has been studied in cells and in animals, but no clinical trials have been conducted in the United States. It was first formally described by the Dutch colonial botanist Pieter Korthals in 1839, who named it Stephegyne speciosa it was renamed and reclassified several times before George Darby Haviland provided the final name and classification in 1859. Mitragyna speciosa is indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea. The calyx-tube is 2 mm (0.08 in) long and has five lobes the corolla-tube is 2.5–3 millimetres (0.098–0.12 in) long. The spherical inflorescences, which are deep yellow, grow in clusters of three at the ends of the branches. The leaves, ovate-acuminate in shape and opposite in growth pattern, are dark green, glossy on their upper surfaces, and can grow to over 14–20 cm (5.5–7.9 in) long and 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in) wide. The trunk is generally straight, and the outer bark is smooth and grey. Its trunk may grow to a 0.9 m (3 ft) diameter. Mitragyna speciosa is an evergreen tree in the genus Mitragyna that can grow to a height of 25 m (82 ft). The committee, however, recommended kratom be kept "under surveillance." In some jurisdictions, its sale and importation have been restricted, and several public health authorities have raised alerts. In 2021, the World Health Organization's Executive Committee on Drug Dependency investigated the risks of kratom and declined to recommend a ban following a scientific review. As of 2018, there is growing international concern about a possible threat to public health from kratom use, while others have argued that it could be a tool to help the opioid crisis. Īs of 2018, kratom is a controlled substance in 16 countries and, in 2014, the FDA banned importing and manufacturing of kratom as a dietary supplement. Serious toxicity is relatively rare and generally appears at high doses or when kratom is used with other substances. Scores of deaths have been attributed to the use of kratom, both by itself and mixed with other substances. When use is stopped, withdrawal symptoms may occur. Other side effects may include high heart rate and blood pressure, trouble sleeping, and, rarely, liver toxicity. More severe side effects may include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), seizure, addiction, and psychosis. Common side effects include appetite loss, erectile dysfunction, nausea and constipation. Īnecdotal reports describe increased alertness, physical energy, talkativeness, sociability, sedation, changes in mood, and pain relief following kratom use at various doses. ![]() The onset of effects typically begins within five to ten minutes and lasts for two to five hours. Some people take it for managing chronic pain, for treating opioid withdrawal symptoms, or for recreational purposes. In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that there is no evidence that kratom is safe or effective for treating any condition. Īs of 2018, the efficacy and safety of kratom are unclear, and the drug was not approved as a therapeutic agent in the United States due to the poor quality of the research. Kratom has opioid properties and some stimulant-like effects. ![]() It has also historically been used for chewing, smoking, and tea. It is indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in herbal medicine since at least the nineteenth century. Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom, an herbal leaf from a tree of the Rubiaceae family, ) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia.
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